1. All blowers will produce no boost - it goes thru the bypass - when under vacuum, which is basically a low-engine-load situation...like under small throttle openings. So MPG won't suffer...until you get on it.
A roots/twin-screw will produce boost very quickly when the throttle is cracked open, even at lower rpm.
A centrifugal will produce small boost at large throttle openings/low rpm, but will ramp up quickly as engine rpm increases.
2. High-torque/low-rpm is generally a bit more stressful on driveline components. To what extent is hard to say, as many trucks with roots/twinscrew blowers (including Lightnings) have gone hundreds of thousand of trouble-free miles.
Driveline components can include axles, tranny. Also, crank loads are greater with low-rpm/high-load operation, compared to maing power at faster rotating speeds.
A centrifugal is like a typical engine powerband, only magnified, making more power with increasing RPM. It gets faster and faster as revs rise, because you are making more and more boost.
A roots/centrifugal feels like you've added a ton of displacement to your engine, they make a lot of grunt. They still make good power up top, but it's not a relentless rush.
Put it this way. A buddy had a Procharger, then replaced it with a Lightning (roots-type) blower on his F150 wih a 5.4. His truck felt faster, and spun it's tires a lot easier, with the Lightning blower.
But at the track, it was slightly faster with the Procharger. (He ran 14 psi thru the Procharger, but only a 8-9 psi with the Lightning blower).
You don't want to run 14psi on a stock 5.4 w/ a roots-type blower. The pistons won't take it.
The torque curve is much flatter with a roots/twin-screw. They make power everywhere.
IMHO most people prefer the feeling of a roots/twin-screw, because of its "right now" power delivery.
In my case, my old 5.4 made no power up top, and I had traction problems on boat ramps with the stock engine. The Procharger gave me a lot of power where I previously had none. Revving it past 3500rpm made more noise, but not a lot more power. But now it pulls hard to 5200rpm.