Im surprised at the magnitude of the mpg increase here, but not the concept. 07XLN explained here a while back that the Ecoboost engine technology has the ability to adjust engine operating parameters and optimize combustion to the octane level. For example the timing can be advanced for higher octane fuels without knocking ... More efficient combustion and better mpg. He can explain it a lot better than me. I'm an antique trying to catch up with new technology.
It’s not so much that it changes to run better with higher octane it’s more that it’s designed to run on higher octane, and it’s peak power output and fuel economy (manufacturer figures) are achieved on premium fuel. When you put in lower octane fuel the motor retards timing. It’s all in the Variable Cam Timing on these modern motors.
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