I am the typical old dog, and smart phones provide a wealth of new tricks to learn; so what I'm saying may not be relevant to this discussion. Knowing only vaguely know "how" they work precludes me knowing "why" they don't, but I'll give it a shot...
My iPhone X Max has never given me a problem until the other day when the battery got very hot to the touch while surfing the web. I closed all the apps and turned the phone off (I know, redundant). Since I restarted it, it has not gotten hot again. Maybe OP's phone battery was just overworking by charging while having several apps on standby. FWIW, I have never needed to use the charging pad in my Expedition, but I have one at home and the phone sits on it every night with no issues ever.